Frequently asked questions · Buying and selling across borders

Do you buy in the EU under the margin scheme or with reverse charge?

Your supplier decides that, not you. And it is written on his invoice.

It depends entirely on how your supplier invoices. If he sells under his own margin scheme there is no intra-Community acquisition: you declare nothing, deduct nothing, and your purchase price is the full invoice amount. If he invoices with reverse charge, it is an acquisition and it goes into your return.

Your supplier decides

He sells under his margin scheme

No acquisitionYou declare nothing and deduct nothing. Your purchase price is the full invoice amount.

He invoices with reverse charge

An acquisitionIt goes into your return.

The invoice tells you which of the two it is. With reverse charge both VAT numbers appear on it, with a note that VAT is reverse-charged. Under the margin scheme there is a reference to the special scheme for second-hand goods, and no VAT amount.

The difference carries through to your sale. A piece bought with reverse charge may not later be sold under the margin scheme: you were able to deduct that VAT. In doubt, ask before you buy rather than after.

What the invoice shows, and what it means later

Margin

Margin invoice
  • reference to the special scheme for second-hand goods
  • no VAT amount

Reverse charge

VAT reverse-chargedYou may not later sell the piece under the margin scheme.
  • both VAT numbers
  • note: VAT reverse-charged

In doubt, ask before you buy rather than after.

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Also worth knowing

How do you tell a supplier is using the margin scheme?

From the invoice. A margin invoice shows no separate VAT amount: there is one total price, with a reference to the special scheme for second-hand goods. If your supplier reverse-charges, the invoice carries two VAT numbers and a note that VAT is reverse-charged. In doubt, ask before you buy rather than after.

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Can you deduct the VAT on your purchase under the margin scheme?

No. The margin scheme swaps two things: you charge no VAT on your full selling price and, in return, you deduct nothing on the purchase. If you did receive an invoice with deductible VAT, in Belgium, the Netherlands and France that piece falls outside the margin scheme and is sold under the normal rules. In the UK, art, antiques and collectors' items you imported yourself, and art bought from its creator, can still go under the margin scheme after a written election to HMRC (SI 1995/1268 art. 12).

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