Vintro Pro
NL · FR · EN
Vintro Pro
NL · FR · EN
Almost all the stock in this trade comes out of businesses. And that is exactly where the margin scheme falls away.
Second-hand laptops fall under the margin, if you bought them without VAT.
Second-hand laptops fall under the margin scheme. Bought from a corporate fleet with VAT on the invoice, it is an ordinary purchase with deduction.
A used laptop that still works is tangible movable property that can be used again. That clears the UK test in article 2 of the Value Added Tax (Special Provisions) Order 1995.
And yet in this trade the margin scheme falls away more often than anywhere else — not because of the machine, but because of the invoice. Companies sell their written-down fleet with VAT.
Buy from a private individual, from a school or from a colleague working under the margin without being charged VAT, and the scheme applies.
Adding memory, replacing a battery or swapping a drive is repair work. That word sits in the definition of second-hand goods itself.
Article 2 of the Value Added Tax (Special Provisions) Order 1995 defines second-hand goods as “tangible movable property that is suitable for further use as it is or after repair, other than motor cars, works of art, collectors’ items or antiques and other than precious metals and precious stones”. Article 12(2) opens the margin scheme to “works of art, antiques and collectors’ items” and “second-hand goods”.
That is the whole test, and it is a test about the goods, not about your trade. The power to charge VAT on the profit margin sits in section 50A of the VAT Act 1994, which also names motor vehicles separately. Article 12(3) of the 1995 Order adds the purchase side: you must have taken possession of the goods on a supply on which no VAT was chargeable, or on another margin-scheme sale. gov.uk (VAT margin schemes) puts it plainly: you cannot use a margin scheme for “any item you bought for which you were charged VAT”. Belgium, which follows the EU VAT Directive, keeps its own exclusion list: FPS Finance names new goods, precious metals, precious stones and pearls, renovated goods, goods consumed on first use and goods that cannot be used again in the same state, under article 58, § 4 of the Belgian VAT Code and Royal Decree no. 53 of 23 December 1994. The four-country panel below shows where that changes the answer.
The example is a second-hand laptop: bought for €240.00, sold for €520.00. Put your own figures in.
Sold at a loss: no margin on this item, so no VAT. In the UK you work item by item: the loss counts as zero and gives you nothing back.
The VAT is inside the margin, not on top of it. That is the mistake this calculator is built to prevent: 20% on this example’s margin of 280 is 56.00, while in the UK you owe one-sixth, 46.67 — the 16.67% gov.uk quotes. At Belgium’s 21%, the same mistake turns €48.60 into €58.80. How to do this across a whole return period — and why France calculates piece by piece by law — is set out in How do you calculate margin VAT?
In the UK, article 12(3) of the 1995 Order requires that you took possession of the machine on a supply on which no VAT was chargeable, or on another margin-scheme sale, and gov.uk excludes any item you bought for which you were charged VAT. If there is VAT on your purchase invoice, you sell with ordinary VAT on the full price. That choice is made at purchase, not at sale.
Machines broken up for parts can stay in the UK scheme: HMRC lets you sell the parts under global accounting if each was worth less than £500 (VATMARG03300). The UK sets no renovation test, and the parts you add stay out of the margin (gov.uk); in Belgium and France, a machine largely rebuilt from new parts sits against the renovated-goods line.
Selling a batch to another trader? In the UK, laptops and tablets are expressly outside the domestic reverse charge (HMRC, VAT Notice 735). In the Netherlands, supplies of laptops and tablets to other businesses of €10,000 or more (excluding VAT) per type of goods per supply are reverse-charged (Belastingdienst); that page does not say whether margin sales are covered.
In the UK, whether laptops fall under the scheme is a matter of UK law: HMRC runs its own margin schemes under section 50A of the VAT Act 1994. Belgium, the Netherlands and France all follow the same EU VAT Directive (2006/112/EC). Each country interprets the rules itself; where that makes a difference for laptops, this page says so. The rate and the calculation method always differ.
Margin across the whole return period. Article 58, § 4 VAT Code and RD no. 53.
Per period by default (global accounting, Uitvoeringsbesluit OB 1968, art. 4c(1)). You can opt out in writing to the inspector, for at least five years.
Legally piece by piece, but globalisation per period is allowed, with no prior election. CGI art. 297 A; BOFiP § 260.
HMRC’s own scheme, outside the EU. Below the registration threshold you pay nothing.
If your supplier charged you VAT, the machines are not margin goods, whether or not you deducted it. In this trade that is the most common mistake.
In the UK each margin item goes individually into the stockbook (gov.uk, VAT margin schemes); fleet machines bought with VAT stay out of it.
The margin is selling price minus purchase price. A new battery lowers your profit, not your margin.
Securely wiping data is a separate obligation. It says nothing about the margin scheme.
This is an explanation, not tax advice. Whether the margin scheme is the right choice in your case, and how to enter it in your return, is a question for your accountant.
Yes, if you bought them from someone who could not charge VAT (not: a reverse-charge purchase or an import). A working second-hand laptop is tangible movable property suitable for further use, which is the definition of second-hand goods in article 2 of the Value Added Tax (Special Provisions) Order 1995, and article 12(2) opens the margin scheme to it. Belgium uses the same definition.
If there is VAT on the invoice, it is an ordinary purchase with deduction and not margin goods: gov.uk excludes any item you bought for which you were charged VAT. You then sell with ordinary VAT on the full price. In this trade that is the rule rather than the exception.
In the UK, yes, if you bought it without VAT: the 1995 Order sets no renovation test, and the refurbishing costs stay out of the margin. In Belgium and France it depends on how far you go, not on the word on the box: a machine largely rebuilt from new parts sits close to the renovated-goods line.
In the UK, at 20%, the VAT is one-sixth of the margin: €280 ÷ 6 = €46.67 (in pounds the sum works the same way). In Belgium, at 21%, €48.60 (€280 × 21/121).
The same question, a different kind of piece. The answer differs more often than you would expect.
Every piece gets its own purchase price, selling price and scheme. Vintro Pro keeps margin goods separate from the rest and works out your margin per return period.
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